Difference between vanet and manet ppt. Another type of manet is what is called a Mesh network. The remainder of this paper is structured as follows. Mainly nodes at the border of the reception area forward the packet quickly. The difference between MANET and VANET are: MANET contains nodes which have un-controlled moving patterns whereas in The concept of MANET was implemented in vehicular communication in a new form called VANET. • Smartphone ad hoc network (SPAN) Wireless ad hoc network created on smart phones via existing technologies like Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. VANET is a form of network that provide communication vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to roadside wireless communication. Sudha, “A relativity cram between MANET and VANET background along routing protocol”, International Journal of Advanced Information Science and Technology (IJAIST), vol. Small bunch of UAVs forms networks called ad hoc networks. Table-driven and on-demand routing protocols are described, with examples like DSDV and AODV. 3 Fig. But there may be chances of attacks in VANET due to mobility Nov 22, 2024 · 2. The various vehicles known as vehicle to vehicle and between vehicles and roadside units known as vehicle to roadside communication. Explore the differences between MANET and VANET, focusing on their applications, characteristics, and suitability for various communication scenarios. For ease of comprehension and clarity, we give part of the data as tables and figures. Types of MANET - 1. VANET vs. Vanet vs. It defines MANETs as collections of wireless mobile nodes that can dynamically form a network without any centralized administration. We can specify MANET is the super class of VANET. Kugali1 1Department of Information Science and Engineering, Basaveshwar Engineering College (Autonomous), Bagalkot, Karnataka, INDIA Sneha. It begins with an introduction to MANETs, describing their characteristics as peer-to-peer, self-forming, and self-healing wireless networks without a fixed infrastructure. Vehicles in VANET Cloud contain devices like GPS for MANET和VANET的区别 1. 2 Differences Between FANET, VANET, MANET, and AANET In contrast to classic Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) and Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET), the mobility and nimble flight attitude of UAV systems have a grave influence on their networking technologies. It can be defined as an intelligent component of transport system as vehicle are able to communicate with each other as well as May 1, 2013 · In this paper, Flying Ad-Hoc Network (FANET), which is basically ad hoc network between UAVs, is surveyed as a new network family. This document discusses vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs), which allow vehicles to communicate with each other and with roadside units to exchange safety and other information. Jul 11, 2025 · And if the source and destination mobile nodes are present in different zones, then reactive routing is used for the transmission of the data packets between them. 1 2 3 VANETs form the core of Intelligent Jan 5, 2025 · Explore the potential of Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET) for improving road safety through inter-vehicle communication. VANETs have now been established as reliable networks that vehicles use for communication purpose on Nirmala and R. this is called a mobile ad hoc network. May 7, 2023 · Difference between MANET and VANET in mobile computing | Tarun meena | #mobile #mobilecomputing QuickToLearn 1. In Section 5, we discuss the main research challenges and open issues to be considered for Oct 20, 2023 · VANETs — Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks In the contemporary landscape, the significance of connectivity and communication in augmenting road safety, optimizing traffic flow, and elevating the driving … The further the distance between this node and the sender, the shorter the waiting time is. A vehicle can communicate with another vehicle directly which is called Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) communication, or a vehicle can communicate to an infrastructure such as a Road Side Unit (RSU), known as Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I). Apr 1, 2021 · One subcategory of IoT technologies includes Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) systems. Providing wireless connectivity to other vehicles (and humans) in their vicinity. 26, pp. •Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) Used for communication between vehicles. VANETs have two types of nodes: mobile on-board units in vehicles that can communicate directly with each other, and static roadside units that are mounted in fixed locations to extend the communication range. The lowest level which is at bottom is called communication at car level and takes place between cars. Wireless Adhoc Network: A wireless ad-hoc network is a wireless network deployed without any framework or infrastructure. This leads to a creation of a decentralized network of mobile nodes which can connect, communicate and pass messages to each other without the requirement of an intermediate Exploring VANET VANET is a subset of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) specifically designed for vehicular communication. 移动自组网 (MANET) MANET 由许多移动设备组成，这些设备连接在一起形成一个网络，无需现有互联网基础设施或任何其他固定网络站的任何支持。它是由无线链路连接的节点的自治系统。在 MANET 中，网络拓扑可能以不可预测的方式动态变化，因为没有固定的基础设施并且节点可以 The document surveys the security challenges in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANET), Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET), and Flying Ad-hoc Networks (FANET), highlighting the importance of secure communication due to the dynamic nature and open wireless medium of these networks. The full form of VANET is Vehicular Adhoc Network. The document then outlines the main types of MANETs: SPANs for smartphone networks, iMANETs that use internet protocols, and VANETs for vehicle communication networks Sep 22, 2014 · An important consequence of the difference in the applications is the difference in the addressing modes. MANET nodes are free to move randomly as the network topology Jan 10, 2025 · Explore the taxonomy of wireless networks, focusing on Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) and their communication systems, from inter-vehicle to roadside-to-vehicle communications. They feature dynamic topology and are categorized into types like vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) and internet-based MANETs, with applications in military, disaster relief, and emergency situations. Unit IV – Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks Ad-Hoc Basic Concepts – Characteristics – Applications – Design Issues – Routing – Essential of Traditional Routing Protocols – Popular Routing Protocols – Vehicular Ad Hoc networks ( VANET) – MANET Vs VANET – Security. MANET • A VANET consists of vehicles to form a network which is similar to a MANET. Finally, it outlines some of the safety, convenience and commercial applications 13 VANETs vs. I. • Cost of VANET is high compared to that of MANET. As we know any wireless transmission has distance coverage limitation, wireless node will utilize its neighbouring nodes to transmit the packet beyond its distance limitation. Kadadevar2 2Department of Computer Science, Basaveshwar Arts Science and Commerce Independent PU College, Bagalkot, Karnataka, INDIA Abstract- Vehicular ad hoc network is one of the most Mobile Ad-hoc Networks also known as MANETs belong to a collaborative collection of different mobile devices from a heterogeneous network, the prolific feature is the capability to join and quit the network any time. Furthermore, there is no limitation of storage and processing capability and battery power of nodes in a VANET. There are generally no known types of Vanets Abstract— Over the past few years, technology has progressed and developed rapidly, where ad hoc networks have contributed a significant part to innovative development. Abstract Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) has some characteristics that are similar to the Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) but VANET has unique feature that make it special from MANET. Y Dec 20, 2024 · This article will explore the definition, history, development, and differences between Mesh ad hoc networks, MANET ad hoc networks, and mesh networks, and will also introduce the advantages and changes of multi-hop ad hoc networks and Mesh ad hoc networks. This arXiv. This document discusses mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs). from publication: Flying ad-hoc networks (FANETs): a survey | Ad Hoc Networks and VANET | ResearchGate, the professional network for scientists. Download scientific diagram | Comparison between VANET and MANET from publication: A Survey on Network Simulators for Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETS) | VANET and Network Simulators INTRODUCTION OF VANET Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network or VANET is an application of MANET that uses moving vehicles as nodes to create a mobile network [1]. IVC vs. Jan 10, 2025 · An important consequence of the difference in the applications is the difference in the addressing modes. Paparazzi mobility model is a stochastic model that mimics the paparazzi Aug 22, 2014 · An important consequence of the difference in the applications is the difference in the addressing modes. Get ideas for your own presentations. Explore the distinctions between MANET, VANET, and FANET technologies, including their applications, advantages, and limitations. VANET is the supreme developing in ad hoc networks, that supporting vehicle to vehicle (V2V) as well as vehicle to road side units by (V2R) or road side (infrastructure) to vehicle (I2V) communications. Vehicles are deployed with on-board units (OBUs). Download scientific diagram | Difference Between VANET and MANET. from publication: Classification and comparison of ad hoc networks: A review | The study of ad hoc networks and their different 2. Because only devices are connected and there are no managing infrastructure devices like routers or phone towers, these networks are considered ad-hoc networks. com/channel/UCD0Gjdz157FQalNfUO8ZnNg?sub_confirmation=1P Feb 17, 2025 · FANET nodes mobility model differences, in terms of MANET and VANET, affect aspects of its ordering and planning. This technology provides vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to roadside or infrastructure communication network. Vehicular ad-hoc networks are responsible for the communication between moving vehicles in a certain environment. MANET from publication: Towards Enhancement of Network Communication Architectures and Routing Protocols for FANETs: A Survey | The popularity of Jun 29, 2020 · Vehicular ADHOC Network (VANET):-A Brief Knowledge Sandeep N. • However, there are following differences between these two networks. Basically, FANET is a form of UAVs (Unmanned Ariel Vehicle) flying in the sky. 21K subscribers Subscribed This document discusses mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It explains the distinction between infrastructure-based and infrastructure-less networks, describes mobile and vehicular ad hoc networks, and highlights the role of wireless sensor networks. It supports Dynamic topologies 2. Aug 22, 2023 · Definition: A VANET is a type of ad-hoc network specifically designed for communication among vehicles (cars, trucks, buses, etc. A Vanet is generally a type of a Manet in which communication or networking is aided by way of vehicles. In ad-hoc networks all the nodes are mobile in nature and hence they can be interfaced dynamically in arbitrary fashion. Jul 15, 2025 · 1. ly/gate_insightsorGATE Insights Version: CSEhttps://www. However, there are also certain differences be-125 tween FANET and the existing ad hoc networks: Jul 31, 2020 · Due to the high mobility of USVs in SANET, the topology change of SANET is also faster than the topology change of MANET but slower than the topology change of VANET and FANET. Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANETs) - Enable effective communication with another vehicle or with the roadside equipments. It discusses routing protocols for MANETs such as DSDV, CGSR, AODV and DSR. In Vanet Node Mobility Very high. Its history could be traced back to the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) and Packet Radio Networks (PRNET) which evolved into the Survival Adaptive Radio Abstract- Vehicular ad hoc network is one of the most interesting research areas due to flexibility, low cost, high sensing fidelity, fault tolerance, creating many new and exciting application areas for remote sensing. Discover the benefits of this technology in reducing accidents and enhancing traffic management. Learn about the advantages and applications of these networks. . Introduction to VANET, MANET vs VANET (Difference between MANET and VANET)Hello Everyone, Hope you are doing good!In this video you will learn about VANETs. Flying ad hoc network or FANET is latest technology that has been proposed for military civilian purpose, surveillance and monitoring of that areas where the human cannot reach. Mar 31, 2020 · However, there are some notable differences between VANET and MANET. Differences between VANET and MANET • Mobility is high in VANET as compared to that in MANET, because vehicles are moving with a speed of 40-200 km/hr. MANETs • A VANET consists of vehicles to form a network which is similar to a Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET). Types of Wireless Ad Hoc Networks •Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) An ad hoc network of mobile devices. Akter Hussain 3. The key differences between The behavior of the nodes in MANET, VANET and FANET are dynamic nature due to different types of topology and network nature. org page provides access to a research paper, offering insights and findings in a specific field of study. Apr 14, 2018 · Bekmezci et al. This survey also raises issues for potential future research topics, such as how to What is the difference between a VANET and IOV? A VANET turns vehicles on the road into moving wireless access points. The features are as follows −. INTRODUCTION VANET is one of the emerging technologies which are growing rapidly in the field of communication technologies. MANET (4/6) • Addressing • MANET applications require point-to-point (unicast) with fixed addressing; that is, the recipient of a message is another node in the network specified by its IP address. VANET play important role in aspect of safe driving, intelligent navigation, emergency and entertainment applications . The document outlines the characteristics, mechanisms, transmission standards, routing protocols, applications, and future aspects of MANETs. They consist of a set of mobile nodes connected wirelessly in a self-configured, self-healing network without having a fixed infrastructure. Mar 17, 2022 · What are the differences between MANET and VANET? The full form of VANET is Vehicular Adhoc Network. The multi-hop communication between multi-UAV systems is depicted along with the survey of communication protocols in FANETs. Learn about applications, issues, ITS, radiolocation, alarm message dissemination, and routing schemes. Jul 15, 2025 · Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) and Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) are two major types of networks that provide seamless communication without the need for fixed infrastructure. MANET (4/6) • Addressing • Faithful to the Internet model, MANET applications require point-to-point (unicast) with fixed addressing; that is, the recipient of a message is another node in the network specified by its IP address. MANET • Similar to MANET from perspective of node movements • Dissimilar to MANET from the perspective of high rates of nodes’ movement and highly varying channel distributions. Intelligent vehicular ad hoc networks (InVANETs) deals with another vehicle or with roadside equipments. Here are some following features of MANET : 1. MANETs A VANET consists of vehicles to form a network which is similar to a Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET). MANET comprises of nodes which communicate without central network and where nodes are equipped with networking capabilities. It has Variable capacity links. In VANET,there are the two parameters of communication can be done to provide a list of applications like emergency vehicle warning, safety etc. 153-157, June 2014. This paper explores VANET topics: architecture, characteristics, security, routing protocols, applications, simulators, and 5G integration. Additionally, the document emphasizes the self-organizing nature of Jul 18, 2024 · What is Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET)? VANET is similar to MANET in terms, that is also do not need any infrastructure for data transmission. [4] clearly outline the difference between MANETs, VANETs, and FANETs. Since the vehicles are moving along the road, the mobility of nodes in VANET is predictable unlike MANET [5]. In Vanet have Fixed Infrastructure . Vehicular ad hoc network A Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a proposed type of mobile ad hoc network (MANET) involving road vehicles. Jan 14, 2020 · One difference between VANET and MANET is that the routing protocols of MANET are not feasible to be used in VANET architecture. Due to the variation of specifications, these four ad hoc networks have to turn into an alternative for MANET which is mobile ad hoc networks in long version is a class of networks and here nodes will be mobile, and interconnection can change between all nodes. We update, edit, and summarize some of the published data as we analyze each notion. The document presents an overview of wireless ad hoc networks, detailing their classifications, enabling technologies, and applications. May 1, 2019 · VANET it is a technique that can connect vehicles between each other by wireless network , VANET connect each vehicle as node By making a Ad Hoc Network between the two nodes , they can communicate with each other . MANET May 4, 2010 · VANETs vs. Vehicles are connected with longer-distance vehicles through RSUs. These concepts defined the way and methods to perform a design, as well as considered the applications because FANET works similarly to VANET. 2. In Manet no Fixed Infrastructure . [1] VANETs were first proposed [2] in 2001 as " car-to-car ad-hoc mobile communication and networking" applications, where networks could be formed and information could be relayed among cars. INTRODUCTION Although VANET is a subclass of MANET but there are certain subtle differences between the two. In Section 2, we introduce the architecture of VANET, including its main components and interactions between them. Nov 24, 2019 · VANET vs. The VANET Cloud architecture can be categorized on the basis of the type of communication possible in VANET Cloud. Sep 19, 2023 · In manet node Mobility is slow. Mar 3, 2013 · Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) technology has emerged as an important research area over the last few years. It then covers challenges and security requirements for VANETs, including message authentication, non-repudiation, and privacy. The Jan 4, 2019 · VANET is a subclass of network of MANET (mobile ad hoc networks) composed by several vehicles, interacting with other vehicles and roads side units (RSUs). Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET) : VANET is similar to MANET in terms, that is also do not need any infrastructure for data transmission. Ex . In summary, the main difference between VANET and MANET lies in their specific applications and the nature of the nodes involved. GATE Insights Version: CSEhttp://bit. Since the nodes are on the water, the line of sight between various boat nodes is very high. Each vehicle is equipped by an intern unit called on board unit (OBU). VANET on the other side has emerged as a challenging and more liable class or variation of MANET. There are four varieties of ad hoc networks such as mobile (MANET), vehicular (VANET), flying (FANET), and sea (SANET). Learn new and interesting things. So, it has emerged as a promising tool for monitoring the physical world with wireless sensor that can sense, process and communicate. In this article, we will compare the attributes of MANET and WSN to understand their differences and 7 VANETs Definition A VANET (Vehicular Ad hoc NETwork) is a special kind of MANET in which packets are exchanged between mobile nodes (vehicles) traveling on constrained paths 8 VANETs Like MANETs They self-organize over an evolving topology They may rely on multi-hop communications They can work without the support of a fixed infrastructure In this article, we will discuss how VANET works in networking, including their architecture, protocols for transmission, applications, and the differences between VANETs and mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). VANET is a variation of MANET (Mobile Ad-hoc NETwork). By this way, broadcast storm can be avoided. But the mobile nodes are vehicles in VANET which is vehicular ad hoc network in long version. The nodes in a MANET are represented by mobile wireless devices whereas in a VANET This paper provides a broad survey on difference between MANET and VANET, VANET architectures components, VANET communication domains, wireless access technologies, VANET characteristics, challenges and VANET applications. When the waiting time is over, if it does not receive the same message form another node then it will rebroadcast this message. Being ad-hoc in nature, VANET is a type of networks that is created from the concept of <i>establishing a network of cars for a</i><i> specific</i><i> need or situation</i>. Jul 1, 2024 · MANET stands for Mobile Adhoc Network also called a wireless adhoc network or Adhoc wireless network that usually has a routable networking environment on top of a Link Layer ad hoc network. Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) is the network of vehicles and road side units. youtube. View Vanet PPTs online, safely and virus-free! Many are downloadable. However, there are following differences between these two networks. In this, all nodes can be interfaced dynamically in arbitrary fashion. In [12], the mobility of nodes in flying ad hoc networks is discussed and various models have been surveyed. VANET is tailored for vehicular communication and infrastructure interaction, while MANET is more general and can be applied to various mobile device scenarios. In contrast to MANET (Mobile Ad Hoc Networks) [8] and VANET (Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks) nodes [9], FANET devices are subject to higher levels of mobility and speed inconstancy [10]. Answer - As We Know, The full form of VANET is Vehicular Adhoc Network , It is the subclass of network of MANET type where as The fll form of MANET is Mobile Adhoc Network , In this all nodes can be interfaced dynamically in arbitrarv fashion. It relies on Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC), a Wi-Fi-based technology, to enable communication between vehicles and infrastructure. 26, no. • Nodes are connected by wireless links • Vehicles are free to move in all directions “360-degree” • Communications requires above standard wireless to handle the fast dynamic network changes and to provide real- time results with high accuracy Differences Between Simulation and Real World Communication Gray zones Broadcast and unicast TX ranges are different Broadcast HELLO messages give false connectivity Have you ever wondered what MANET is and why it is considered one of the most important wireless networking technologies? In this video, we will explain MANET (Mobile Ad Hoc Network), its meaning Download scientific diagram | Differences between VANETs and MANETs from publication: Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks: Current Challenges and Future Direction of Research | Current era is characterized Dec 1, 2017 · differences between WSN and MANET such as: routing protocol, number of nodes, node movement, interacti on, features, applications, network size,. Being ad-hoc in nature, VANET is a type 123 FANET can be viewed as a special form of MANET and 124 VANET. Characteristics of MANET Routing Protocol: To avoid the problems with routing in MANET, routing protocols should have following characteristics: General information about VANET • VANET “Vehicular Ad Hoc Network” is an application of MANET & self-configuring network of Vehicles. Introduction to Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) are a specialized subclass of Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETs) that enable communication among vehicles and between vehicles and roadside infrastructure, known as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication, respectively. 1. It explains that MANETs are self-configuring Jun 5, 2020 · The communication paradigm in VANET Cloud is shown in Fig. While both networks are wireless in nature, they serve different purposes and have distinct attributes that set them apart. VANET allows the vehicles to communicate with other vehicles and road side infrastructure (RSU). Key issues include active and passive attacks, key distribution, data consistency, and challenges related to high mobility Jul 11, 2025 · MANET nodes are free to move randomly as the network topology changes frequently. Energy consumption in FANET is also quite high. IoV expands on this concept to turn every vehicle into a smart node on the highway, with its own compute, storage and networking capability. Feb 21, 2023 · Basics of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) Talks cover the following topics: Part 1: About WSN Part 2: Understanding the Differences between WSN, MANET, VANET, WMN, WPAN, WLAN, IoT Part 3 Download scientific diagram | MANET, VANET and FANET. This incorporates wireless mesh networks, mobile ad-hoc networks, and vehicular ad-hoc networks. Working of the such kind of This document provides an overview of Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs). The unique VANET characteristics are discussed in Section 3 followed by detailed description of VANET applications in Section 4. …etc. To overcome this limitation, MANET Supervised By Md. 19. – Vehicles mobility • Vehicles move at high speed but mobility is regular and predictable – Network topology • High speed movement makes network topology dynamic – No significant power constraint In this slide, emphasis various security issues in MANET, VANET and FANET and also discuss in detail the key security challenges in the field of MANET, VANET and FANET. Despite their advantages, such It also describes the differences between VANETs and mobile ad-hoc networks, provides a schematic of a VANET, and discusses VANET architecture, applications such as collision warnings, and current research being done in both the US and Europe. It is the sub form of mobile Ad-hoc networks (MANET). Nov 27, 2021 · 1. FANETs are extension of mobile ad hoc network (MANET) or vehicular ad hoc Download scientific diagram | Comparison between VANET and MANET from publication: A Survey on Network Simulators for Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETS) | In recent years, the number of vehicles Answer (1 of 1): When mobile devices that act as both routers and receivers communicate or rather set up a network without any centralised authority. There are three basic layers of communications in VANET Cloud. Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) Inter-vehicular communication (IVC) Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) Vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication Vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication Categories of Applications Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET) are self-configuring, infrastructure-less wireless networks that enable devices to communicate directly while moving independently. Both MANETs and VANETs are dynamic and self-organizing, currently, they serve various applications and use cases. It discusses how VANETs allow vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication using technologies like Dedicated Short Range Communication. Share yours for free! This document provides an introduction to routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It describes the challenges of VANETs including routing delays and security issues. The differences between Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET), Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) and FANET are outlined, and the most important FANET design challenges are introduced. ) and between vehicles and roadside infrastructure. Figure 1 shows a typical VANET scenario. As the name suggests, MANET systems seek to connect mobile devices, typically those moved under human power, to each other to create a network. VANET (Vehicular Ad hoc Network) and MANET (Mobile Ad hoc Network) are both types of wireless ad hoc networks, but they serve different purposes and have distinct characteristics. It discusses the classification of MANET routing protocols based on routing information update mechanism, usage of temporal information, and usage of topology information. BTS Introduction Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) and Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) are two types of wireless networks that have gained significant attention in recent years. It is the subclass of network of MANET type whereas the full form of MANET is Mobile Adhoc Network. Download scientific diagram | FANET vs. VANET (special class of Mobile ad-hoc Network - MANET) has both technical and business-related limitations still - not very large scale deployment in the world VANET is a subset of MANET in which communication among the vehicles may be done using vehicle -to- vehicle or roadside infrastructure. Jul 21, 2013 · VANET vs. MANET vs VANET MANET is the short form of Mobile AdHoc Network. dz16 yuioa rpleqvx tkm 25ua gc ijjhq c4a0 lfi stvias