Finland knife laws. Illegal Knife Types: N/A Blade .


  •  Finland knife laws. This page has been put together to answer common questions about pocket knives. Fittings are also produced internally at their factory. Cultural legacy In Finland and northern Scandinavia, many men take great pride in carving their puukkos' handles themselves. But certain size knives are completely fine to carry while big or dangerous knives carrying isn State Knife Laws – Complete Directory In the United States, many of the laws that govern daily knife use are left to the states’ discretion. Jun 18, 2025 · Florida knife laws balance personal freedom with public safety, outlining clear rules for concealed carry and open carry. Both marked 'Suomen Armeija' (Finnish military). com will keep you informed. Specifically - Is it legal to have a multi-tool on me there (which has a knife built it, leatherman) and another knife in my backpack (109mm blade)? May 15, 2024 · Many of those wanting to purchase or use their pocket knives are confused by laws in their jurisdiction. Florida State Knife Laws: Florida State law permits the citizens to carry any kind of knives in case of self defense. North Carolina Surprisingly, North Carolina is another state with knife laws that are a bit hard to follow. MSN Jun 18, 2025 · Equality, religious freedom, freedom of expression and many other rights apply to everyone, including foreigners living in Finland. The possession of knives and similar weapons is regulated in law (1988:254). However, you can bring in or order a knife or a sword to Finland. May 20, 2025 · A quiet Tuesday morning in the Finnish town of Pirkkala turned into a scene of chaos and fear as a 16-year-old student allegedly launched a knife attack at Vähäjärvi School, leaving at least three … Nov 5, 2024 · Explore over 250 premium Finnish-made fixed blade knives at Knife Country USA. Did Vikings use puukko knives? 1 day ago · Nobody wants to get into conflict with the law while travelling, especially abroad. Exploring the variations in these laws will shed light on the legal framework surrounding knife lengths and empower knife owners to navigate the regulations effectively. ’ I started thinking it would be cool if someone did the same on the laws for all 44 European countries. May 20, 2025 · In the city of Pirkkala in southwestern Finland, an incident occurred at a local school where a student attacked his classmates with a knife. However, laws regarding what you can legally carry for self-protection vary greatly between countries. If you fall victim to a crime, you have the right to get help and to report the crime. In this article, we will explore the fascinating history of the Finnish knife, its cultural significance, and its renowned craftsmanship, while highlighting the types of Finnish knives and the importance of these blades in Scandinavian tradition. Mar 12, 2024 · But in the rest of Europe how does the law behave toward a knife man? Knife regulations in European countries are generally consistent. In the states without preemption, municipalities or jurisdictions in the state may have knife laws or regulations more restrictive than state law, creating a patchwork of laws that can trap the unwary knife owner. Statistical… Jun 11, 2025 · The intricacies of folding knife laws by country can be a maze for enthusiasts, collectors, and everyday users alike. It is used for everything from hunting to chopping vegetables. Test it on yourself before you put faith in it. General Status: Finnish Public Order Act prohibits the carrying of knives and similar sharp instruments in public places without a justified purpose. Whether you’re a chef on the move or a camper preparing for a wilderness adventure, knowing how to travel with your knives is crucial. The Ranger Puukko was designed by Captain J. Also the knife should be hidden while carrying. The knife laws vary from state to state, so you must be aware of the laws regarding maximum knife lengths, especially when crossing state lines. : - KNIFE SHOP, NORDIC SHOP, BOOK SHOP, PRESS, BROCHURES, Puukko Knives, Puukko Knife, Finnish Knives, finnish Knife, Finland knife, Finland Knives, Hunting Knives, Scandinavian Knives, Scandinavian Knife, finnish puukkos, knife making, knife kits, knife blades, folding knives, folding puukko, folders, Ranger Finnish Knives from Järvenpää There are few places in the world where knives are more central to the daily life and culture than Finland. xyz, the Finland-hosted Lemmy instance—a Reddit alternative. From the right two Fiskars made lineman's knives, fulltang blades, sheep foot grind, Ebony handles and leather sheaths. If you find the State Knife Laws useful please consider an AKTI membership or making a contribution to AKTI. Violation of the knife law can result in imprisonment in up to 6 months, or up to 12 months if the crime is considered serious. Iisakki Järvenpää Knives of Finland The Iisakki Järvenpää Company was founded in 1879 and is the largest manufacturer of knives in Kauhava, Finland, a well-known town which has a long and rich history of knife making. Dec 17, 2024 · Explore everything about knife laws in the USA, including state-specific regulations, blade restrictions, and legal guidelines for carrying knives. Knife laws vary significantly from country to country, encompassing regulations on carrying, owning, and using knives. Fast shipping and competitive prices! Lineman's knives Official Finnish military lineman's knives from the 1920-30's. In this article, we will conduct a statistical analysis of knife crime in Finland, exploring trends, patterns, and potential contributing factors. Check out Finlandit. But the answer isn’t one-size-fits-all. Oct 21, 2023 · Learn the ins and outs of New Jersey knife law, including age restrictions, banned blades, and carryingconcealing rules. Carrying any knives or edged weapons in public places is also illegal except for professional reasons (eg. sell a knife to anyone under the age of 18, unless it has a manual folding blade less than 3 inches long. While this is great for states’ rights and everything, it creates some confusing situations when you move from one state to another. It's possible but difficult to get a permit for pepper spray for personal protection. Know your rights when traveling abroad or you might end up in trouble. Knives of the North sells high quality Scandinavian Knives by Marttiini, Ahti, Mora, Roselli, Järvenpää, Strømeng, Wood Jewel and more. Although historical records Self defence is very tricky in Finland because you must always try to avoid the conflict, and if there's absolutely no other way that would let you and other people to leave the situation unharmed, then youcan use only the minimum force required to de-escalate the situation. Jul 15, 2025 · KnifeUp provides free knife law guides for all 50 states. From research I’ve been able to do, here’s a list I’ve compiled of European countries where possession of switchblade/automatic I read through the Wikipedia article about the Gun Laws in Finland but I am still left with some questions… It is not surprising that the advantages of the Finnish knife were appreciated not only by criminal elements, but also by law enforcement agencies, or more precisely, by the NKVD officers, to whom Finnish knives were issued as clothing allowance along with other ammunition. Supreme Court: Courts of appeal Supreme Administrative Court Administrative courts Market Court Labour Court Insurance Court Case Law in Literature The Puukko knife is a traditional Finnish knife with a history spanning several centuries. Bayonets, butterfly and gravity knives, and switchblades are forbidden, but there are no length restrictions or need for legitimate reasons on blades not included on the list. In future blade lengths will be limited to 6 centimetres, down from 12 Puukkojunkkari (Swedish: knivjunkare, translated to English as knife-fighter; [1] lit. This blog explores legal restrictions by country and state, common misunderstandings Laws on carrying knives in public for self-defense by country Knife legislation is defined as the body of statutory law or case law promulgated or enacted by a government or other governing jurisdiction that prohibits, criminalizes, or restricts the otherwise legal manufacture, importation, sale, transfer, possession, transport, or use of knives. So, what are knife laws in Thailand? Well, there are no particular laws on carrying knives in Thailand. Gun control typically restricts access to certain categories of The complete State Knife law information is available to AKTI members and non-members alike. However, in Thailand, knife laws regulate their use to ensure public safety. Today Marttiini combines generations of Finnish craftsmanship and modern technology to create knives that perfectly represent the beauty and toughness of the North. While earlier Finnish-manufactured bayonets had all long knife bayonets, much shorter bayonet m/39 was a true knife-bayonet well-suited for utility knife and combat knife roles. Dec 31, 2024 · A puukko knife is a traditional Finnish knife, characterized by its simple design and versatile functionality. Jul 24, 2023 · Butterfly knives are unique tools that caught the attention of many people. Tapio Wirkkala, a famous Finnish designer, designed a puukko for Gutmann cutlery. Knives with a blade length over four inches require a permit for concealed carry, while open carry of fixed-blade knives in a sheath faces no such restriction. . Restrictions: - Carrying any knife in public requires a lawful reason (work, outdoor activities, etc. While gun ownership is relatively common, particularly for hunting and sport shooting, Finnish law requires thorough background checks, licensing procedures, and active participation Case law Decisions of Finnish courts over several decades in Finnish and in Swedish. Jan 26, 2023 · Is carrying a Swiss Army Knife Legal in the UK? The UK has some of the strictest rules related to legal-carry knives, which are also followed quite diligently by the authorities and law enforcers. However, in practice there will be significant leeway for interpretation for police officers and judges Oct 24, 2025 · Knife laws can be perplexing, especially for travelers interested in carrying their favorite tools, such as pocket knives. State Laws California: In California, it is legal to carry a knife with a blade under 2. Click on the state you are interested in to read about its knife laws. Choose Your State AL AK Apr 4, 2023 · Thailand is a beautiful tourist country. Buying a knife or traveling with a knife? Get a lowdown on knife laws across the world. The forged 80CrV2 Scandi Grind Carbon Steel, full tang, Teflon coated blade is an impressive 5mm in thickness on the spine. It’s a delicate dance between safety, legality, and necessity. 5 million licensed firearms in Finland. Illegal Knife Types: N/A Blade Carrying a knife without valid reason (see above) is a crime against the Knife Law [Google Translate]. Welcome to r/Finland, the English language Subreddit dedicated to all things related to Finland. It is also important to clarify the terms so that you can verify whether you can order or import the goods to Jan 10, 2025 · The United States In the U. I am unaware of what the laws are or if customs will see this as a problem. The only general restriction is intended use, not the properties of the knife itself (in particular, there is no restriction of blade length, despite popular belief). The purpose of the quick instructions is to help with the most common questions and guide you to information that is more detailed. 'knife junker ') or häjy (lit. carry any knife in public without good reason, unless it has a manual folding blade less than 3 inches long. 'mean, wicked') was a term used of troublemakers who were active in the Southern Ostrobothnia region of Finland in the 19th century. I try to keep these guides as up-to-date and accurate as possible but laws do change so please leave a comment if you see something wrong. Looking for a real Finnish Puukko -knife? Knife Era Today, the Finnish knife is sometimes called the Russian Finnish knife. Both Russia and Sweden gradually tried to disarm the indigenous population of Finland - without weapons it is difficult to fight for Finnish knives from a finnish knife store Lamnia's speciality is a selection of more than 5000 knives and folding knives. P. The design of the puukko is attributed to the indigenous Sami people, who created several knives to use for day to day tasks; the puukko was the smaller option, used to skin fish or animals. If you have an information regarding law changes please feel free to leave your comments at the base of this blog). If you use it wisely and don’t do any harm, then it’s okay to carry it and here SAK is kinda ”ok”, it’s not those ”super-tactical-über-military-knives” that already looks suspicious. Discover Puukko knives, military-grade blades, and hand-crafted designs. [2] Over 1,500 people are licensed weapons collectors. The law still explicitly specifies that the Swiss Army knife is not a dangerous object, so you're good. But what was he like before the prefix “Russian”? The Grand Duchy of Finland was part of the Russian Empire in 1809-1917. 5 inches in length. It’s a popular choice amongst thieves as they can quickly draw and retract the knife. In the UK, small non-locking pocket knives with a blade length up to 3 inches can be carried without a valid reason. ). There is generally a maximum limit to the blade length for carrying knives, and a valid justification or legitimate purpose is required for regular carriage. But are butterfly knives illegal? Nov 14, 2023 · Understanding Carry Laws The complexities of knife laws in Chicago expand significantly when it comes to carrying a knife. Open carry, the visible transportation of a knife, and concealed carry, where the knife is hidden from sight, both have associated regulations that govern their legality. Understanding these regulations is crucial to avoid legal issues while exploring the globe. Jun 22, 2022 · Puukko knives are a traditional knife of the Nordic countries. io for recent community moderator actions, and join the discussion on Sopuli. If anyone has any knowledge or information it would be greatly appreciated! Thank you! Switchblade laws vary greatly worldwide. Understanding these laws promotes compliance, avoids legal pitfalls, and ensures personal and public safety. Feb 22, 2024 · When Soviet Red Army troops poured across the Finnish frontier three months after the outbreak of World War II, Simo Häyhä, a farmer and member of Finland’s Civil Guard, laid down his pitchfork, picked up his M28-30 Mosin Nagant, jammed his Puukko knife in his belt and calmly went out to kill communists. Originally used for utilitarian tasks such as hunting, fishing, and food preparation, the Puukko has quickly become a symbol of Finnish culture. [1] Laws of some countries may afford civilians a right to keep and bear arms, and have more liberal gun laws than neighboring jurisdictions. In this article, we will explore the diverse legal landscapes of different countries… Mar 27, 2012 · Finland has some of the most liberal knife laws in the world. We carry hundreds of scandinavian knives the famous Finnish Puukko knives among them; folding knives hunting knives kitchen cutlery From the world's best brands such as Spyderco, Cold Steel, Roselli, Fox Cutlery and Marttiini. Responsibility for granting permits for the acquisition and possession of ordinary firearms rests with local police departments. The police and other authorities ensure that rights are enforced and people follow the law. Aug 20, 2022 · Is it legal to carry a knife in Finland? In Finland, carrying a knife in public without an acceptable (usually job-related) reason is prohibited and the only urban areas where open carry is an everyday sight are military garrisons. DO: Smoke on the terrace of a restaurant Smoking outside is legal. Exceptions: There are many exceptions to prohibitions regarding carrying of weapons, which may include knives. As a result, three schoolchildren were injured. With so much twisted information, it can get hard for an everyday citizen to understand these laws. There are approximately 460,000 licence holders and slightly under 1. A Finnish knife is made with beautiful materials like leather, curly birch, reindeer antler, and an ultra sharp blade always made from finest steel. They are not allowed in public places and the age limit is 21 years (law 2000:148). The victims suffered injuries that, according to law enforcement agencies, are not life-threatening. , laws regarding the carrying of knives—including Swiss Army Knives—can differ not only from state to state but also from one city to another. Aug 18, 2024 · The German government plans to introduces legislation stiffening laws on the carrying of weapons, Interior Minister Nancy Faeser told the Sunday edition of the mass-circulation Bild tabloid following an increase in knife crime, reported dpa. Jun 7, 2014 · The puukko is a Finnish knife, and the name lends itself to the Finnish word “puukotta,” which means “to stab/knife. Firearms and dangerous objects Dangerous objects It is prohibited to bring dangerous objects, such as knuckle dusters, shurikens, edged weapons disguised as other objects, tasers, electric batons, spring batons and precision slingshots into Finland. There are approximately 300,000 people with hunting permits, [1] and 34,000 people belong to sport shooting clubs. May 21, 2021 · Finland Finland is another country with lenient knife laws. Jul 7, 2023 · Knowledge of knife laws is essential for individuals travelling internationally or conducting business abroad in a globally interconnected world. Hunting and target practice popular recreational activities in Finland Finland is a country of hunters and gun enthusiasts. In this article, we will explore the history of the Puukko, the different types Marttiini has manufactured knives in Rovaniemi, Finland since 1928. [3] Additionally, many reservists practice their skills Apr 6, 2000 · Hi guys, I need a little help from you! I m planning a short trek in Finland and I d like to know something about local laws on knives (types, blade length, way of carrying, etc. Shouting for help and running are the most wise actions. Oct 26, 2025 · Illegal Knife Types: N/A Blade Length Limit: 1. Häyhä shot more than 540 Red Army troops in just three months—most using iron The legislation in this area deals with knives, stabbing weapons, cutting weapons and other dangerous objects intended to be used as a weapon for a criminal threat against someone’s life or health. Understanding these laws is crucial for anyone who owns or is looking to purchase a folding knife, especially if they travel internationally. Thanks a lot in advance! Jan 4, 2025 · Are butterfly knives illegal in Finland? Discover Finnish knife laws, the prohibition of butterfly knives, penalties for violations, and legal alternatives for knife enthusiasts. He is also unsure. Get the complete guide to new jersey knife law today! By the way, is it legal in Finland to have a knife in public places (a bus, a train, etc) ? Asking, because in some EU countries you can spend a couple of month in prison after that. There's pretty much no regulation on carrying knives, so you probably won't have any problems buying one, unless you're 4 years old trying to buy a samurai sword, and the shopkeeper refuses to sell you one out of bad conscience. Legislation concerning game animals is laid out in the Hunting Act. Dec 7, 2024 · What self defense weapons are legal in Europe? Feeling unsafe and considering self-defense options is a valid concern across Europe. The new law will "further restrict the carrying of knives in public," Faeser said. Sweden The possession of weapons requires a special license and it is regulated in law (1996:67) on weapons. Oct 2, 2011 · So, I was thinking about the research done on knife laws in the US and the studies compiled by people like Evan Nappen and Blade Forums member ‘glistam. Feb 26, 2021 · Laws in Greece are as follows (per Wikipedia): It is illegal to carry a knife for use as a weapon in attack or defense. The National Police Board grants Thompson's Scandinavian Knife Supply Everything to make Scandinavian knives including scandinavian knife blades, curly birch, sheaths, antler, and knife kits Here in Finland the sale of dangerous edged weapons such as daggers, stilettos and bayonets is prohibited. For hunting, for gift or for daily use. Here, every active user enjoys full democratic rights and serves as a moderator. Stay informed and compliant! If you have a knife on you in a public place you will get punished for carrying the knife even if you use it for legal self defense. First, residents are required by law to open carry all knives except pocket knives, even though you are allowed to own many other kinds. This section provides quick instructions on which goods you can import to Finland. Whether you’re traveling, want to know what knives are legal where you live, or be notified when the laws change, KnifeLaws. The only type of knife that is banned in North Carolina is the ballistic knife. Knowing the specific laws can save you from being harassed by law enforcement. On the other hand, they are legal in countries like France and Finland > News> Newslinks & Articles Finland: Marxist Government Tutorial on how to repel a rapist Page 1 of 3 1 2 3 > Thread Tools Search this Thread Display Modes Jun 12, 2023 · Discover the ins and outs of butterfly knife laws and safety guidelines in this comprehensive article. Understand the legal implications of owning and carrying a knife in the USA, Canada, the UK, and Asia. Greece In Greece, carrying knives, which are intended as weapons, is illegal. Let's explore the KnifeLaws. Basically, legal regulations concerning knives are always similar in all European countries: there is often an upper limit to the length of the blade that can be carried. Authorities confirm a stun gun was first used before lethal force. Carrying regularly requires a "justified reas Knife crime is a global issue that affects communities in various countries, including Finland. S. While Finland is often perceived as a safe country, incidents involving knives can still occur and have serious consequences. Australia In the Here in Finland is same law’s but guy from Police has told to me, that they have better things to do, than check peoples pockets. The result is a Sep 24, 2023 · Find out if switchblades are legal in your state. Although open carry is illegal, this is not vigorously enforced. Kellam Knives Worldwide, Inc. Sep 28, 2018 · Can you legally carry a pocket knife in the UK? It’s illegal to possess a banned knife or weapon. The blades are not as tough as those from other scandinavian knife makers, usually 53-54 Rockwell, which is still quite tough and they hold a good edge. Aug 20, 2024 · What are the Gun Control Laws in Finland? Finland maintains a unique approach to gun control, balancing the high rate of gun ownership with stringent regulations and a strong emphasis on responsible gun handling. To check online you need to check the municipal or county criminal codes for that specific municipality or jurisdiction. Hei! :) I am sending my friend in Finland a few things and would like to toss a pocket knife in there that I'd like him to have, it is nothing remarkable just an inexpensive pocket knife that is kind of neat. Over generations, this knife has become intimately tied to Nordic culture and, in one version or another, is a part of many national costumes. Today, it is appreciated worldwide for its quality, durability, and versatility. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Most people know the home of the Italian switchblade is Italy. Gradually a knife changes its form, it was perfected, a sheath (at first they were made from berest) were also decorated, the knife ceases to be only economic instrument, taking a form of the fighting. Traveling with knives isn’t as straightforward as one might think. I presume the laws are very similar in other Nordic Countries. Feb 12, 2024 · Where are Balisongs Illegal? Balisongs have been made illegal as they can be easily hidden and are commonly used in criminal activities. Still, common sense applies. github. We've listed knife laws for switchblades, butterfly knives & other knives for all 50 states. Handles are made from locally sourced curly birch wood, occasionally with birch bark spacers. Most other countries do not have the freedoms we have here when it comes to weapons like knives and guns. Understand the legal framework, jurisdiction-specific regulations, age restrictions, and concealment laws associated with butterfly knives. More detailed provisions are found in the Hunting Decree, the Government Decree on Derogations Laid Down in the Hunting Act, and the species-specific Decrees issued by the Finnish Ministry of Agriculture and Apr 16, 2023 · The Iceland knife laws can get intimidating if you don’t have proper knowledge about the laws. Please note that there are often exceptions to import restrictions. Aug 5, 2023 · Explore the legality of butterfly knives with our in-depth analysis of laws and regulations across different regions. This article explores the legal landscape of self-defense tools in Europe, helping you navigate what’s allowed and what’s not. Stay Sharp: A Guide to … Gun laws and policies, collectively referred to as firearms regulation or gun control, regulate the manufacture, sale, transfer, possession, modification, and use of small arms by civilians. Ironically you can not carry a+ Read More Feb 24, 2011 · What are the rules and regs regarding knives in Finland. ” The prefix, “puu” means “wood” in Finnish. The state allows the recreational use of self defense and the people can carry any kind of knives unless they don’t intend to harm anyone. Investigation now under prosecutor's direction. Far left a sheep foot bladed lineman's knives with typical 1920-30 puukko-knife handle with SA (Finnish Military) stamp, maker unknown. Warning: Possessing a knife without Firearms regulation in Finland incorporates the political and regulatory aspects of firearms usage in the country. Feb 4, 2025 · Explore Florida’s knife laws, including classifications, carry regulations, and exemptions, to understand your rights and responsibilities. The national epic myth, the Kalevala, contains a story of the first 'smith, and to many people the Puukko is synonymous with Scandinavian knife. 5 inches 8. If you absolutely must keep a gun at your place, please double-check with the local authorities and keep it safely locked at all times. - Automatic knives, gravity knives, and disguised knives are prohibited from import and sale. This automatically includes all non-locking Swiss Army Knives, especially 91mm or Jan 4, 2024 · 🗺️ Are Swiss Army Knives Legal in the U. Both hunting and shooting sports are common hobbies. The suspect was detained. Shop for fine Scandinavian Knives with Knives of the North. The Finnish drug market is stable [citation needed], with cannabis type drugs most commonly used and seized by law enforcement agencies, while amphetamines, MDMA/ecstasy and other synthetic psychoactive substances and narcotic pharmaceuticals remain important. I'm going on a motorcycle with small group of friends and in spirit of being prepared I'm looking also on local laws. Sep 14, 2020 · Even though Finland is known for having a strong hunting culture, the Finnish gun control laws are far from lenient. Butterfly knives are illegal in places like Hawaii, Germany, the United Kingdom, Australia, etc. and Around the World? When it comes to knife ownership, a common question arises: are Swiss Army Knives legal to carry and own? These multi-functional tools are a favorite for outdoor lovers, DIYers, and EDC fans alike. (Laws and legislation is updated and is different in different places. carpenters). My Google-fu is weak as I'm at work and can't access 'weapons' related sites:confused: Can I wear a Mora on my belt? What about a SAK or my SOG Powerpliers? The knife strongly enters into the Finnish ritual of courtship. Navigating the rules and regulations surrounding knife travel can be a daunting […] Hi, I'm planning a trip across Finland, Norway and Sweden this summer. Random attacks on the street are extremely rare, and a knife is both illegal and clumsy tool for self defense. Marttiini tends to try to strike a balance between beauty, functionality, and ease of sharpening. Peltonen and heavily tested and approved by Nordic, US and UN troops. The Finnish knife, an ancient and powerful symbol of Nordic culture, embodies Finland’s Viking spirit. Traditional handmade knives since 1904. com is a comprehensive and up-to-date worldwide directory of knife laws. We also carry Scandinavian axes and knife making supplies. In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into the varying knife laws around the world, focusing on pocket knives and what you need to know before embarking on your journey. The Hunting Act and the relevant decrees The bear, the wolf, the lynx and the wolverine are considered game animals. Shop top brands like Marttiini, Wood Jewel, and Brisa. There is a permit free baby version called turvasumute that you can buy in stores. The law is bit of a mess, but in a nutshell you need a valid reason to carry knives in public, and no, you don't have a valid reason for just carrying a medieval bar mace based on the original found in River Thames. [1] Carrying knives in public is forbidden or Aug 20, 2018 · German Knife Laws Some examples of regulations concerning knives in Europe: In Germany a person may not carry on his person any folding knife with a locking blade. Jul 12, 2025 · A man carrying a knife was shot dead by police in Helsinki’s Alppiharju district after refusing to obey commands and advancing toward officers. wfy6 m4ro0 qz fu iwjir tt oxebv 04mecrxu1 wcwfn eq
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